Stroke Research & Therapy

Description

Ischemic stroke is a severe medical condition that occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is obstructed, leading to cell death and potential loss of brain function. It accounts for approximately 87% of all stroke cases and is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. This article delves into the causes, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of ischemic stroke. Ischemic stroke is primarily caused by the blockage of an artery supplying blood to the brain. This blockage can result from. The formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel in the brain. This often occurs in arteries that have been narrowed by atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the buildup of plaques on the inner walls of the arteries. The blockage of an artery by a clot or debris that has travelled from another part of the body, often the heart. This type of clot is known as an embolus. Conditions like atrial fibrillation, a heart rhythm disorder, can lead to the formation of emboli. A condition where the blood flow is significantly reduced due to a critical drop in blood pressure. This can occur during severe heart attacks or after significant blood loss. The symptoms of ischemic stroke typically appear suddenly and can vary depending on the part of the brain affected. Common symptoms include, sudden numbness or weakness particularly on one side of the body, affecting the face, arm, or leg. Difficulty speaking or understanding speech sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes. Sudden difficulty walking, dizziness, or loss of coordination a sudden, severe headache with no known cause.

Diagnosis of ischemic stroke

The acronym FAST is commonly used to remember the signs of stroke, high blood pressure is the most significant risk factor. It can damage blood vessels, making them more susceptible to blockages. This condition increases the risk of stroke by contributing to the buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries. Conditions like atrial fibrillation, heart valve disease and heart failure can lead to the formation of clots that may travel to the brain. Elevated levels of cholesterol contribute to atherosclerosis. Smoking damages blood vessels and raises blood pressure. Both conditions increase the risk of hypertension, diabetes and heart disease. The risk of stroke increases with age. A family history of stroke can increase an individual's risk. Men have a higher risk of stroke, but women tend to have more severe strokes. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is vital for the effective treatment of ischemic stroke. Diagnostic procedures include an initial assessment to evaluate symptoms and medical history. Helps identify the type of stroke and the area of the brain affected. Provides detailed images of brain tissue and can detect areas of ischemia. To check for underlying conditions such as diabetes, high cholesterol and clotting disorders. To identify heart conditions like atrial fibrillation. An ultrasound of the heart to detect sources of emboli. Ischemic stroke is a medical emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to minimize brain damage and improve outcomes. Understanding the causes, recognizing the symptoms and addressing the risk factors can significantly reduce the likelihood of experiencing an ischemic stroke. Advances in medical treatments and rehabilitation strategies continue to improve the prognosis for stroke patients, highlighting the importance of early intervention and comprehensive care in stroke management

Treatment of ischemic stroke

The treatment of ischemic stroke focuses on restoring blood flow to the brain as quickly as possible. Treatments include administration of tissue plasminogen activator, a clot-busting drug, within 4.5 hours of symptom onset. Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA) can dissolve the clot and restore blood flow. Mechanical thrombectomy, a procedure where a catheter is used to remove the clot directly from the blocked artery. This is often performed within 6 to 24 hours of stroke onset. Medications such as aspirin and warfarin to prevent further clot formation. Controlling high blood pressure to reduce the risk of further strokes. Post-stroke rehabilitation, including physical, occupational and speech therapy, to help patients regain lost functions and adapt to any residual disabilities. Preventing ischemic stroke involves addressing the modifiable risk factors through lifestyle changes and medical interventions. Maintain blood pressure within a healthy range through diet, exercise and medication if necessary. Keep blood sugar levels under control with diet, medication and regular monitoring. Adopt a diet low in saturated fats and cholesterol, and consider medications like statins if needed. Seek help to quit smoking and avoid exposure to second hand smoke. Participate in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity each week. Follow a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean proteins. Limit salt, sugar and unhealthy fats. Monitor and manage other health conditions like heart disease and atrial fibrillation. Take prescribed medications as directed to control underlying conditions and prevent stroke.